Chemokine Receptor Antibodies

Chemokine receptors comprise a large subfamily of seven transmembrane proteins that bind one or more chemokines. Among other functions chemokines possess chemotactic activity for leukocytes, immune and neuronal cells. Chemokines are divided by structure according to the number and arrangement of conserved cysteines in CC, CXC and CX3C chemokines. Chemokine receptors can be divided by function into two main groups: G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, which signal through classical G protein-coupled mechanisms and atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs), which act as chemokine scavengers to downregulate inflammation or shape chemokine gradients. G protein-coupled chemokine receptors are named acccording to the class of chemokines bound. The CC chemokine receptor family consists of ten members designated CCR1-CCR10. The CXC chemokine receptor family consists of six members designated CXCR1-CXCR6. The atypical chemokine receptor family consists of four members designated ACKR1-ACKR4. CCR5 and CXCR4 can function as HIV co-receptors. The CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor (AMD3100, Mozobil) is an immunostimulant used to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells in cancer patients. In many systems, CXCR4 function specifically depends on the presence of ACK3 (previously called CXCR7). ACKR3 scavenging function requires receptor phosphorylation but not arrestins.